兰州市大气PM10健康影响效应的预报系统研究

项目名称： 兰州市大气PM10健康影响效应的预报系统研究

项目编号： No.40805062

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 轻工业、手工业

项目作者： 肖正辉

作者单位： 湖南科技大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 利用高分辨率场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）识别出燃煤飞灰、烟尘集合体、矿物和未知颗粒等4种类型的颗粒物，以燃煤飞灰为主，且分别主要分布在粒径小于0.3μ#30340;范围内、0.1～0.7μ#21644;1～2.5μ#20043;间、1～2.5μ#21644;粒径小于0.1μ#30340;范围内。ICP-MS分析结果显示，兰州市PM10中主要微量元素的浓度具有明显的时空变化规律，富集因子和因子分析表明它们主要来自燃煤、地表土壤排放、机动车尾气和垃圾焚烧等。质粒DNA评价结果表明，兰州市PM10的生物活性（健康影响效应）具有明显的时空分布特征：冬季＞夏季＞秋季＞春季，市区＞郊区。相关性分析结果表明，兰州市PM10的健康影响效应主要来自水溶性Zn、Fe、Pb和 Mn等元素，但同时受控于采样期间的相对湿度和风速等气象要素。兰州PM10的健康影响效应可用其便于预报的质量浓度、气象要素（风速和相对湿度）等参数表征，表明兰州市PM10对人体健康的影响效应具有可预报性。扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）单颗粒分析结果表明，在风速低或静风、相对湿度高的条件下，颗粒物主要呈内部混合状态，且往往出现较高的导致DNA损伤的水溶性微量元素的量。

中文关键词： PM10；水溶性微量元素；质粒DNA评价法；健康影响效应；预报

英文摘要： Coal fly ashes, soot aggregates, minerals and unresolved particles were identified using high resolution Field Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), with the coal fly ashes being the dominant component. The size distribution analysis indicated that these four types of particles were concentrated in the size range of <0.3μ 0.1～0.7μand 1～2.5μ 1～2.5μand <0.1μ respectively. ICP-MS analysis indicated that the concentrations of the trace elements in Lanzhou PM10s had an obvious spatial and temporal variation, and enrichment factor and factor analysis of the trace elements revealed that they were originated from coal burning, surface soil, automobile emission and garbage incineration. The plasmid DNA scission assay indicated the bioreactivity of Lanzhou PM10s had temporal and spatial variation. Seasonal variation of the bioreactivity showed a decreasing trend through winter, summer, autumn and spring, and the bioreactivity of PM10s at the urban site was higher than that of suburban site. The concentrations of water-soluble Zn, Fe, Pb, and Mn decreased with the increase of TD20 values, suggesting that they were probably the major elements causing plasmid DNA damage. On the other hand, meteorological conditions (i.e. wind speed and relative humidity) during the sampling periods may affect the particles in some way, leading to the increase oxidative damage to DNA indirectly.Combined with the reasons of the oxidative DNA damage by Lanzhou PM10，it can be projected that the oxidative DNA damages of PM10 may be ultimately determined by the forecasted mass concentrations of PM10 and meteorological elements ( relative humidity and wind speed ) during the sampling periods．Therefore，the effects of airborne PM10 on human health in Lanzhou might be predictable．Individual particle analysis results by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning showed that particles were mostly in the internally mixed state under the conditions of low wind speed and high relative humidity, resulting in higher levels of water-soluble trace elements to cause oxidative DNA damage.

英文关键词： PM10；water-soluble trace elements; plasmid DNA assay;health impace;predictability