基于压电效应的交通机械能俘获系统及其工程应用研究

项目名称： 基于压电效应的交通机械能俘获系统及其工程应用研究

项目编号： No.51472022

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 石志飞

作者单位： 北京交通大学

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： 铁路和公路系统运营中伴随有大量的机械能（如轨道和路面变形、振动产生的能量），然而，其中的部分能量以热能和噪声的形式扩散到周围环境中，形成了能量的浪费。我国交通特别是轨道交通发展非常迅速，在庞大的交通系统中，毫无疑问，这种能量的浪费是极其惊人的。利用压电材料的机电转换特性，将车辆运行中耗散的部分机械能转换为电能，将得到一种新的绿色能源，不仅有望解决铁路线的野外维护用电问题，也为开发自供能监测系统提供了一种新思路。本项目的研究内容，主要包括机械能俘获系统研究及其工程应用研究两大部分。在机械能俘获系统研究方面，将基于压电弹性动力学等理论，从轨道结构和路面结构的特点出发，设计并制作不同的压电俘能器，完成相关数值模拟、实验室测试和现场测试，进而揭示车载参数（如载重、速度和车距等）对俘能器储能效率的影响；在工程应用研究方面，将在长大隧道照明以及压电俘能器自供能无线传感系统开发两方面进行探索。

中文关键词： 压电陶瓷；压电材料

英文摘要： A huge of mechanical energy can be generated in the operating railway and road system, such as deformations of rail track and road pavement, and traffic induced vibration energy. However, a part of energy will be dissipated into the surrounding environment as heat and noise, which is wasteful. The development of traffic is very rapidly in China, especially in the rail transit. In such a huge traffic system, it is no doubt that the waste of energy is extremely serious. Depending on the excellent electromechanical characteristics, piezoelectric materials can be used to transfer the dissipative mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is a kind of promising green energy. The energy can not only solve the electricity maintenance problem of remote railway lines but also present a new idea for designing the self-power monitoring system. The aims of this project are to develop the harvesting devices captured the mechanical energy and extend these devices into the engineering applications. First, according to the basic characteristics of track and pavement structures, we will design and fabricate some kinds of piezoelectric energy harvesters based on the piezo-elasticity theory, and present the effects of vehicle parameters, such as vehicle load, speed and distance between two vehicles, on the energy storage efficiency of piezoelectric energy harvesters through the numeral simulation, laboratory test and field test. Second, we will use the designed harvesting devices to explore the engineering applications in solving the problem of the poor lighting in the remote long tunnels and in developing the piezoelectric self-power wireless sensor system.

英文关键词： Piezoelectric ceramics;Piezoelectric materials