I型和II型类星体之间的演化关联

项目名称： I型和II型类星体之间的演化关联

项目编号： No.11473002

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 何子山

作者单位： 北京大学

项目金额： 95万元

中文摘要： 大质量星系中心的超大质量黑洞在星系演化中起着重要的作用。一般认为富气体的星系主并合驱动的星暴和星系活动及其能量反馈，导致黑洞和寄主星系的共同演化。随着并合系统的演化，它由刚开始被尘埃遮挡表现为II型类星体，在气体和尘埃被吹离星系后成为没有遮挡的I型。为检验这一演化，我们将利用Herschel卫星开展一个大型红外巡天（70-500微米）来研究两个低红移低光度AGN样本中的尘埃、星际介质和恒星形成率。两个样本分别为87个z<0.5的Palomar-Green I型类星体完备样本和87个从SDSS中仔细挑选出来的II型类星体匹配样本。结合已有射电、光学、紫外和X射线数据，我们将构建完整的能谱分布来精确测量热光度。配合HST巡天，我们将获得整个样本的光学、近红外图像，定量研究星系形态、核球性质、颜色和寄主星系质量。我们也将利用Magellen望远镜光谱测量黑洞质量，以检验I型和II型类星体的演化。

中文关键词： 类星体；黑洞；红外；光谱；寄主星系

英文摘要： All massive galaxies contain a central supermassive black hole that plays a fundamental role in regulating the evolution of the host galaxy. The coevolution of the central black hole and the host galaxies appears to be driven by starburst and AGN activity, and their respective energy feedback. Most models invoke gas-rich major mergers as the triggering mechanism for this process. Depending on the evolutionary state of the system, the AGN can be heavily obscured by dust and appear as a type 2 quasar, eventually evolving into an unobscured type 1 quasar that blows away the gas and dust. In an effort to test this evolutionary link between type 1 and type 2 quasars, we are performing a major far-infrared survey (70 to 500 microns) using the Herschel satellite to measure the dust properties (temperature and mass), interstellar medium, and star formation rates of two well-studied samples of low-redshift, luminous AGNs: the complete sample of 87 Palomar-Green type 1 quasars at redshift < 0.5 and a carefully matched sample of 87 type 2 quasars selected from SDSS. Combined with existing data at radio, optical, ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths, we will construct complete broad-band spectral energy distributions and measure very accurate bolometric luminosities. This Herschel survey is complemented by an HST survey to obtain optical and near-infrared images of the entire sample to quantify the morphologies, bulge properties, colors, and stellar masses of the host galaxies. We are also obtaining optical spectroscopy using Magellan 6.5 meter telescope to measure the black hole masses. This project will provide the fundamental dataset for testing the evolutionary link between type 1 and type 2 quasars, and the broader relationship between black hole growth and galaxy formation.

英文关键词： quasar;black hole;Infared;spectroscopy;host galaxy