Digitalization and sector coupling enable companies to turn into flexumers. By using the flexibility of their multi-energy system (MES), they reduce costs and carbon emissions while stabilizing the electricity system. However, to identify the necessary investments in energy conversion and storage technologies to leverage demand response (DR) potentials, companies need to assess the value of flexibility. Therefore, this study quantifies the flexibility value of a production company's MES by optimizing the synthesis, design, and operation of a decarbonizing MES considering self-consumption optimization, peak shaving, and integrated DR based on hourly prices and carbon emission factors (CEFs). The detailed case study of a beverage company in northern Germany considers vehicle-to-X of powered industrial trucks, power-to-heat on multiple temperatures, wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, and energy storage systems (thermal energy, electricity, and hydrogen). We propose and apply novel data-driven metrics to evaluate the intensity of price-based and CEF-based DR. The results reveal that flexibility usage reduces decarbonization costs (by 19-80% depending on electricity and carbon removal prices), total annual costs, operating carbon emissions, energy-weighted average prices and CEFs, and fossil energy dependency. The results also suggest that a net-zero operational carbon emission MES requires flexibility, which, in an economic case, is provided by a combination of different flexible technologies and storage systems that complement each other. While the value of flexibility depends on various market and consumer-specific factors such as electricity or carbon removal prices, this study highlights the importance of demand flexibility for the decarbonization of MESs.
翻译:数字化和部门合并使公司能够转换成弹性体。它们利用多能源系统的灵活性,降低成本和碳排放,同时稳定电力系统。然而,为了确定能源转换和储存技术的必要投资,以利用需求反应(DR)潜力,公司需要评估灵活性的价值。因此,本研究通过优化基于价格和基于CEF的混合体的合成、设计和运行,量化生产公司MES的灵活性价值,考虑自我消费优化、峰值剃发和基于小时价格和碳排放系数的综合DR,降低成本和碳排放系数(CEFs)。德国北部一家饮料公司的详细案例研究认为,动力工业卡车、多温度、风力涡轮机、光伏和能源储存系统(热能、电力和氢能)的汽车对汽车对汽车对汽车的必要投资。我们提出并应用新的数据驱动的计量标准,以评价基于价格和基于CEFF的混合体的混合体强度。结果显示,灵活度的使用会降低脱碳化成本(根据电力和碳清除成本和碳排放系数(CEFs)。德国北部一家饮料公司的饮料公司的详细案例研究认为,根据电力和碳清除价格对机动体价格、平均成本成本和成本计算,每个成本成本成本成本成本和成本成本成本成本成本成本成本成本和成本。