Generative AI in Self-Directed Learning: A Scoping Review

This scoping review examines the current body of knowledge at the intersection of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and Self-Directed Learning (SDL). By synthesising the findings from 18 studies published from 2020 to 2024 and following the PRISMA-SCR guidelines for scoping reviews, we developed four key themes. This includes GenAI as a Potential Enhancement for SDL, The Educator as a GenAI Guide, Personalisation of Learning, and Approaching with Caution. Our findings suggest that GenAI tools, including ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in potentially supporting SDL through on-demand, personalised assistance. At the same time, the literature emphasises that educators are as important and central to the learning process as ever before, although their role may continue to shift as technologies develop. Our review reveals that there are still significant gaps in understanding the long-term impacts of GenAI on SDL outcomes, and there is a further need for longitudinal empirical studies that explore not only text-based chatbots but also emerging multimodal applications.