In the rise of the digital era, it's easier than ever to create nefarious websites to spread misinformation. A more recent phenomenon in the United States has been the creation of inauthentic local news websites to further an information operation campaign. This paper is a review of the 7 instances in which local news websites were created to influence residents of a region between 2007 and 2024. By breaking down the ways in which these sites operated, we discovered commonalities in the approach - resurrecting "zombie" papers that were previously established authentic local news organizations, sharing these sites on social media, and using website templates from WordPress. By analyzing these commonalities, we propose ways to mitigate the occurrence of these campaigns in the future.
翻译：随着数字时代的兴起，创建恶意网站传播虚假信息变得前所未有的容易。美国近期出现了一种新现象：通过创建非真实的地方新闻网站来推进信息操纵活动。本文综述了2007年至2024年间为影响特定地区居民而创建的7个地方新闻网站案例。通过剖析这些网站的运作方式，我们发现其手法存在共性——复活先前已建立的真实地方新闻机构形成的"僵尸"报刊、在社交媒体上传播这些网站、以及使用WordPress的网站模板。通过分析这些共同特征，我们提出了未来减少此类活动发生的应对策略。
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