We study the problem of efficiently disseminating authenticated blockchain information from blockchain nodes (servers) to Internet of Things (IoT) devices, through a wireless base station (BS). In existing blockchain protocols, upon generation of a new block, each IoT device receives a copy of the block header, authenticated via digital signature by one or more trusted servers. Since it relies on unicast transmissions, the required communication resources grow linearly with the number of IoT devices. We propose a more efficient scheme, in which a single copy of each block header is multicasted, together with the signatures of servers. In addition, if IoT devices tolerate a delay, we exploit the blockchain structure to amortize the authentication in time, by transmitting only a subset of signature in each block period. Finally, the BS sends redundant information, via a repetition code, to deal with the unreliable wireless channel, with the aim of decreasing the amount of feedback required from IoT devices. Our analysis shows the trade-off between timely authentication of blocks and reliability of the communication, depending on the packet loss rate offered by the channel. The numerical results show that the performance benefits of the proposed scheme makes it a viable starting point for designing new lightweight protocols for blockchains.
翻译:我们研究如何通过无线基地站(BS)有效传播从链链链链(服务器)到互联网(IoT)设备等经认证的链条信息的问题。在现有的链条协议中,在新区块生成后,每个IoT设备都收到区块信头的复制件,由一个或多个信任的服务器通过数字签字认证。由于它依赖单向传输,所需的通信资源随着IoT设备的数量而线性地增长。我们建议了一个效率更高的计划,即每个区块信头的单一副本与服务器的签名一起被多投。此外,如果IoT设备容忍延迟,我们利用区块链结构及时重新进行认证,在每个区块期间只传送一组签名。最后,BS通过重复代码发送冗余信息,处理不可靠的无线频道,目的是减少IoT设备所需的反馈量。我们的分析表明,根据频道提供的包装损失率,每个区块的及时认证与可靠性之间的交易。此外,我们利用区块结构结构及时进行重新认证,通过在每一个区块认证,我们利用时间进行重新调节,在每一个区块协议设计一个可行的级协议,从而设计一个可行的标准能够产生。