With the emergence of digital pathology, searching for similar images in large archives has gained considerable attention. Image retrieval can provide pathologists with unprecedented access to the evidence embodied in already diagnosed and treated cases from the past. This paper proposes a search engine specialized for digital pathology, called Yottixel, a portmanteau for "one yotta pixel," alluding to the big-data nature of histopathology images. The most impressive characteristic of Yottixel is its ability to represent whole slide images (WSIs) in a compact manner. Yottixel can perform millions of searches in real-time with a high search accuracy and low storage profile. Yottixel uses an intelligent indexing algorithm capable of representing WSIs with a mosaic of patches by converting them into a small number of methodically extracted barcodes, called "Bunch of Barcodes" (BoB), the most prominent performance enabler of Yottixel. The performance of the prototype platform is qualitatively tested using 300 WSIs from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) and 2,020 WSIs from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) provided by the National Cancer Institute. Both datasets amount to more than 4,000,000 patches of 1000x1000 pixels. We report three sets of experiments that show that Yottixel can accurately retrieve organs and malignancies, and its semantic ordering shows good agreement with the subjective evaluation of human observers.
翻译:随着数字病理学的出现,在大型档案库中搜索类似图像的工作引起了相当的注意。图像检索可以为病理学家提供前所未有的机会,获取过去已经诊断和处理过的病例中体现的证据。本文件提出一个专门用于数字病理学的搜索引擎,名为Yottixel,一个叫Yottixel的港堡,一个叫Yottixel的搜索引擎,与心病病学图像的大数据性质相提并论。Yottixel最令人印象深刻的特征是它能够以紧凑的方式代表整个幻灯片图像。Yottixel能够以高搜索准确和低存储配置的方式实时进行数百万次搜索。Yottixel使用智能索引算法,能够代表具有模组的WSI,将其转换成少量有条形的条形形形形形形形形形形形形色色色色的搜索引擎,将其转换成名为“Bunch of barttix” (BoBBB),这是Yotttixel最突出的性能推动器。原型平台的性功能是利用匹兹堡大学医疗中心(UMC) 和2 020 WSISIls) 的癌症研究所(BARmax) AS Stal Streax Cal Stal Studental Student Reports) 的3 Students Reports Reports Reports Reportal St Reportings) 提供了3 Risx 的3 Risal Stal Stems 报告。